The European Union faces sharp criticism after a report revealed massive subsidies for foods that harm the climate. Experts urge the EU to adopt a Plant-Based Action Plan to encourage sustainable diets and help farmers shift away from meat and dairy.
Red meat and other high-emission foods receive disproportionate EU subsidies, raising concerns over misuse of taxpayer money. Charity Foodrise published a report showing that in 2020, the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP) allocated far more funding to animal-based foods than to plant-based options. Animal-sourced foods received roughly 77 percent of total CAP subsidies, totaling €39 billion of the €51 billion spent that year.
Beef and lamb, repeatedly identified as the most climate-damaging foods, received about 580 times more subsidies than legumes such as lentils and beans. Dairy products received an estimated 554 times more CAP funding than nuts and seeds. Overall, meat and dairy gained more than ten times the subsidies allocated to fruit and vegetable production.
why meat and dairy produce such high emissions
Animal-sourced foods generate 81 to 86 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from EU food production while supplying only 32 percent of calories and 64 percent of protein. Globally, food and agriculture produce about one-third of greenhouse gas emissions, second only to fossil fuel use. A 100g serving of beef releases 15.5 kg CO2 equivalent, equal to driving 78.7 km, according to the CO2 Everything calculator.
The carbon footprint of animal agriculture has risen sharply due to industrial farming and the sheer number of animals. Greenpeace estimates that 60 percent of mammals on Earth are livestock, four percent are wild, and 36 percent are humans. Farmed poultry accounts for 70 percent of all birds.
Every livestock animal requires food and space, creating factory farms that confine animals and clear forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Investigations show Amazon deforestation is largely driven by demand for soya, mostly grown to feed livestock rather than humans. WWF reports that almost 80 percent of the world’s soybean crop feeds animals, and production has doubled over the last twenty years.
Animal agriculture also relies on artificial fertilizers and produces methane. Feeding crops to animals reduces efficiency: 100 calories of crops yield only 40 calories of milk, 12 calories of chicken, and three calories of beef, according to Compassion in World Farming. This system wastes water, crops, and energy that could feed humans directly.
EU subsidies labeled unfair
Martin Bowman from Foodrise described the CAP system as “scandalous.” He said EU taxpayers’ money heavily supports high-emission meat and dairy while European diets remain distorted. CAP now stands at a crossroads, giving policymakers a chance to promote plant-rich diets.
Bowman stressed that shifting to plant-based agriculture could boost farmer incomes, reduce EU dependence on imports, curb climate change, and improve public health. Plant-based foods deserve a fairer share of CAP subsidies to compete equally. “The misuse of EU funds to promote meat and dairy contradicts EU health and climate goals and must end immediately,” he said.
Bowman urged EU leaders to develop a Plant-Based Action Plan. The plan would strengthen plant-based supply chains and provide funds to help farmers transition from livestock to crops. In 2024, the European Commission highlighted the importance of supporting consumers in adopting plant-based diets and recommended developing an EU Action Plan for Plant-Based Foods by 2026 to strengthen supply chains from farmers to consumers.
